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  • ABV, A Forthcoming SF Bar from Dalva, Beretta Folks

    Coming not-so-soon (January most likely) in the former Tokyo GoGo spot on 16th Street in the Inner Mission of San Francisco will be the bar ABV. 

    ABV is a partnership between Erik Reichborn-Kjennerud (owner of Dalva, Dalva Hideout), Ryan Fitzgerald (former Beretta bar manager and Del Maguey Mezcal brand ambassador), and Todd Smith (bartender at Dalva Hideout, distributor rep with Pacific Edge, founding Bourbon & Branch bartender). 

    ABV Crew

    The specifics are likely to change a bit as they transfer the liquor license and build out the space, but here's what I learned in a meeting with the partners: 

    The concept is a bar that will offer about 10-15 cocktails and around the same number of small plates dishes, also priced around the same as each other (ten bucks more or less). So, like at Beretta, if you are having great drinks there you may as well order something to great eat as well.

    The goal with the food (they're hiring a consultant chef to work out specifics) is to have high-quality, regularly-rotating, finger-friendly foods that will probably include some pickles and something fried, but not jalapeno poppers or standard pub fare like that. Food will be served until late; probably 1AM, and they are considering opening in the early afternoons, seven days a week. 

    The space won't be completely gutted for the rebuild, but they will make the kitchen smaller and remake the bar bigger; extending it to be the focus of the space. You shouldn't expect to too many bar design elements that they feel have become cliched, liked reclaimed wood and bare Edison bulbs. Seating will be primarily at high-top tables and shared tables in the back, to avoid that situation where people at low tables have standing bar patrons' butts in their faces. It will not be a lounge. They'll have some sort of table service and a doorman checking IDs, but not a host stand or typical restaurant reserved seating. 

    The drink program doesn't have a specific direction outside of "things that we like," according to the partners. "We're not trying to have every single whisky or tequila," says Reichborn-Kjennerud, though with Fitzgerald's mezcal affiliation you should expect to see a fair amount of that. 

    The team spoke mostly about what they are planning to avoid: barrel-aged cocktails, bottled cocktails, cocktails on tap; things they feel are more gimmicky than practical. "There's not going to be a uniform and it's not like everyone is going to wear a certain kind of hat." That said, they will have "great ice". 

    Cocktails will reflect their personal preferences and those of the bartenders who work there. Smith says, "A few years ago I was really into boozy drinks, but lately I've been enjoying lighter aperitif-style drinks, so for example you should expect to see some of that." The plan is for a good portion of the drink menu to change fairly regularly. 

    As time goes on, they plan to have a themed night or two, educational programming likely to take place in the balcony area, and perhaps some different food at brunch. They mentioned a quality soundtrack as a focus, but also that it could be radically different from night to night depending on who is working (as it is at Dalva Hideout currently). 

    The key words for the bar are "comfortable" and "affordable" they say. "We're not trying to reinvent anything," says Fitzgerald. 

    My overall impression is that they're trying to create a casual-but-quality themeless bar with great music, easy-and-delicious food, and amazing cocktails, reflecting the preferences and tastes of the owners. It's fair to say that's that goal of most people opening up a new neighborhood bar these days, but in this neighborhood with these owners, our expectations probably should be raised to match. 

    IMG_2949

    As ABV will be the second-closest cocktail bar to my house, I'm pretty sure I'll be able to keep you updated on its progress. 

     

  • Which Whisky Chiller Works Wonders?

    I have a story in the new Fall 2013 issue of Whisky Advocate magazine that's not online. In it I compared a range of devices meant to chill down whisky.

    • Teroforma Whisky Stones [buy]
    • Teroforma Whisky Stones MAX [buy]
    • Balls of Steel [buy]
    • Skybar's Wine Chill Drops [buy]
    • Tilt Spheres [buy]
    • Steel Ice [buy]
    • A glass put in the refrigerator
    • A glass put in the freezer 

    Whisky advocate
    So, which one is best? I guess you'll have to pick up a copy of the magazine to know. 

    If the story goes online, I'll share the link here. 

     

  • Making Absolut Vodka: A Trip to Ahus, Sweden

    Absolut vodka is made in southern Sweden, in the town of Ahus in the Skane region. I took a trip there this winter to learn how the vodka is made. The distillery can produce 650,000 bottles of vodka per day and I had about that many questions for the producers. 

    Ahus Map

    I think it's best to break the process of making the vodka down into its components. 

    Wheat

    Absolut purchases 20 percent of the wheat grown in the large Skane region of Sweden; about 125,000 tons of it annually.

    It is winter wheat, planted in September and harvested in August, nearly a year later. The wheat grown in the southernmost part of Sweden near the distillery is best for producing vodka, while much northern wheat is better for use in making bread. 

    Wheat best for making bread is high in protein and gluten, and is heavy. It also has a low yield per hectare. Wheat for vodka is lower in protein but of course high in starch as that is what is turned into fermentable sugars.

    Wheat crops are rotated with sugar beets, barley, and/or rapeseed.

    Because Absolut is such a huge operation, grain is delivered to the distillery every two hours as they don't have space to store months' worth on-site. 

    Once the wheat reaches the distillery, it is ground into a flour and checked in a sizing machine to make sure that every bit of it is ground to less than 1.5mm in size. 

    Absolut trip farmhouse6

    Fermentation

    The region is set upon a natural aquifer from which they pull water 146 meters below ground. For the fermentation process, they only filter the water through sand. (For dilution to bottle proof, they use reverse osmosis filtration.)

    They then heat up water with flour but instead of making paper mache with it, they add enzymes to break down the wheat into fermentable sugars. They actually use two types: a "liquification enzyme" that turns the wheat into long-chain polysaccharides, and a "sacrification enzyme" that turns these polysaccharides into fermentable sugar. 

    Then it's ready to be fermented in one of ten of their 600,000 liter fermentation tanks. They use a dried yeast culture that is first hydrated for 8 hours, and then added to the tanks where fermentation takes between 50 and 55 hours. 

    Heat and carbon dioxide are captured from this process and recycled or sold.

    Legal Break!

    According to European Union law, vodka must be distilled to above 95 percent pure alcohol and bottled at a minimum of 37.5 percent ABV. It can be made from anything but if it is not made from grain or potatoes (as in the case of vodka made from sugar beets or molasses or grapes) it must specify that on the label.

    Absolut Vodka Distillery3

    Distillation 

    No surprise, the column stills at Absolut are very big. Here's how they break them down:

    • The first column is the mash column – where the yeasty, grainy, sugary beer goes in and is separated from the water and alcohol.
    • The second column is the raw spirit column that helps remove some sulphurous compounds. The spirit has been distilled up to 85% alcohol after this point.
    • The next column is the extraction column. The spirit is diluted with water then redistilled to remove aldehydes.
    • The main rectification columnn (actually divided into two columns to keep the height down) further refines the spirit and brings it up to 96.4% alcohol.
    • The last column for making vodka is the methanol column, which removes methanol. Unlike most columns, in a methanol column the spirit comes out the bottom of the column, while the vapors to be discarded – the more volatile methanol- comes off the top. 
    • There is a final column called the recovery column. Some of the stuff that goes through it is pulled off and redistilled into vodka, while other is sold to make cleaning products and such. 

    For a larger write-up of multi-column distillation, see this post on how multi-column distillation works on Alcademics.

    Absolut Vodka Distillery4

    Filtration and Dilution

    The water used to dilute the vodka to bottle strength comes from the local aquifer,  filtered with reverse osmosis. They say that their water still affects the mouthfeel of the product. One representative said, "The cleaner the water source in the fist place the less you have to clean it. It doesn't affect the taste of the vodka but it does the texture. It contributes a greater mouthfeel to the final product."

    Unlike many vodkas, Absolut does not undergo "active filtration," also known as carbon filtration. Nor, they say, do they use any 'rounding' agents (like sugar or glycerin) in the unflavored vodka. 

    Bottling 

    We visited one of the bottling facilities, which are usually pretty boring. But at the one we saw, three weeks' worth of vodka were stored in this massive warehouse. One room looked to be about 8 storeys tall with racks to hold palettes of vodka from floor to ceiling. In the tiny aisles in between the racks, computer-controlled forklift things would whip around in three-dimensions lifting cases and placing them on shelves or retrieving them to fill an order.  It looked a lot like the things that hold the doors in Monsters, Inc. 

    From the bottling facility, the majority of the vodka is shipped over water to Germany, where it is distributed to the rest of the world. 

     

  • A Visual Guide to Herbs Used to Make Vermouth

    This summer I visited Turin and Pessione Italy with Martini vermouth. The distillery hosts the Martini visitors' center and museum, and in this post you can read about how Martini vermouths are made

    On one particularly lovely day, our group piled into cars and drove around the countryside to see the local herbs used to make the vermouth. 

     

    • Turin Countryside5 (2)_tn
    • Turin Countryside4_tn
    • Turin Countryside_tn
    • Martni Porsche Trip3_tn
    Martni Porsche Trip3_tn

    We turned off into one field where we saw many local herbs growing: a few varieties of wormwood, chamomille, cilantro, and the very aromatic local peppermint. 

    • Martni Porsche Trip wormwood3_tn
    • Martni Porsche Trip Calamus (2)_tn
    • Martni Porsche Trip Calamus (2)_tn
    • Martni Porsche Trip wormwood2_tn
    Martni Porsche Trip wormwood2_tn

    Then we stopped into a farm cooperative where Martini sources many of the botanicals for the vermouth.  Helpfully they set out fresh and dried herbs that go into the vermouth, so I snapped shots. In the case where I found both the dry and the fresh version of the herb, I've put them together in the image- click the thumbnail to expand. 

     

     Artemisia Absinthim: They grow three types of wormwood locally.

    • Artemisia Absinthim fresh
    • Artemisia absinthium dired
    Artemisia absinthium dired

     

     

    Artemisia Pontica (Roman wormwood):

    • Artemisia Pontica Fresh
    • Artemisia pontica dried
    Artemisia pontica dried

    Artemisia Valesiaca:

    Artemisia Valesiaca fresh

    Artemisia Volgare (Mugwort):
     
    Artemisia Volgare fresh

     Roman Chamomille:

    • Camomilla Romana fresh
    • Chamomille dried
    Chamomille dried

     


    Gentian Root, Gentian Flowers:

     

     

    Iperico (St. John's Wort):



    Iperico fresh
    Hyssop:
     
    Issopo fresh

     

     Melissa (Lemon Balm)

    • Melissa fresh
    • Melissa dried
    Melissa dried

    Menta Piperita. This is the highly-aromatic local peppermint. 

    • Menta piperita fresh
    • Menta piperita dried
    Menta piperita dried

     

    Santoreggia (Savory):

    • Santoreggia fresh
    • Santoreggia dried
    Santoreggia dried

     

     Tarassaco (Dandelion):

    • Tarassaco fresh
    • Tarassaco dried
    Tarassaco dried

     Salvia Sclarea (Clary)

    Sapvia scparea fresh
    Hopefully that will be a useful guide to some herbs used in vermouth and other drinkables. 

     

  • How Martini Vermouth is Made: A Trip to Pessione, Italy

    This summer I took a trip to Pessione, Italy, the home of Martini vermouth. Pessione is a small town just outside of the city of Turin, in the northwestern part of Italy. 


    PessioneMap
    The distillery site was chosen as it is close the the railroad, though it is also close to both wine-growing and herb-growing regions. At the distillery, they produce not just vermouths, but also a range of sparkling wines. 

    Martini all products
    They also produce more than that: 17 wine-based products and 12 spirits are made at the distillery altogether. But we were there to talk about vermouth. 

    Luckily, a series of signs made it easy to understand and explain.

    Martini vermouths are a combination of wine, fortifying alcohol, herbs in the form of extracts and distillates, sugar, and coloring caramel for certain products. Then the vermouth is cold filtered. 

    Martini Vermouth Tour vermouth production
    The secret, of course, is in the combination of herbs, spices, flowers, roots, and bark that go into each type of vermouth.

    These get into the vermouth either in the form of distillates (they are added to alcohol and distilled), or extracts (they are infused into alcohol).

    Seventy percent of the botanicals used for the vermouths come from a local cooperative that we visited. 

    Martini Vermouth Tour distillate production

     

    They have a lot of funky looking stills in the distillery. Click on the thumbnails below to see a few different ones.  

     

    • Martini Vermouth Tour still_tn
    • Martini Vermouth Tour still3_tn
    • Martini Vermouth Tour still4_tn
    Martini Vermouth Tour still4_tn

     

     

    To make extracts, they use rotary extractors. As you'll see in the chart below, some extracts are aged afterward. 

    Martini Vermouth Tour extracts production
    In the new Gran Lusso vermouth, one of the extracts was aged for 8 years. 

    The extracts, distillates, wine, sugar, and caramel coloring (if used) are combined in gargantuan stainless steel tanks to blend. They are added in a certain order so that materials won't precipitate out of solution.

    These resting rooms hold 5.6 million liters of vermouth on-site.

    Martini Vermouth Tour huge tanks2_tn
    After blending, it's a 20 day process until bottling. They let the blend rest so that some stuff does precipitate out, then cold filter it, then bottle. 

    (Filtration nerd bonus: They use both .65 micron cellulose filters and diatomaceous earth to filter the wine).

    Every day they make 400,000 liters of Martini vermouth in this facility. 

    In the next post, we'll look at some of the locally-grown herbs used to make Martini. 

     

     

  • A Handy Chart for Categorizing Sherry

    In my talk on sherry at Tales of the Cocktail, I was trying to summarize sherry in a way that makes it easy to understand what is in the bottles you find on shelves.

    I think the three slides below get us pretty close (though I had 90 slides during the talk!). The last chart is the most important one if you want to skip ahead. 

    Sherry is aged in three ways:

    • With a layer of yeast called flor that floats on top of the wine in the barrel. This is biological aging. This sherry usually tastes yeasty, light, and often salty/ocean-influenced. Fino and Manzanilla sherries are exclusively aged biologically. 
    • Explosed to air in the barrel. This is called oxidative aging. This sherry is darker in color and richer in flavor, tasting of leather, walnuts, and tobacco. Olorso sherries are exclusively aged oxidatively. 
    • Or some of each. Amontillado and Palo Cortado sherries are aged first under biological and then oxidative aging; with Amontillado sherry spending more time under flor than Palo Cortado. 

    SherryAgingCategories

     Each of these types of sherry can be unsweetened, or sweetened to different levels, and all are aged.

    Sherry is not sweetned with sugar, but with naturally-sweet Pedro Ximenez (PX) and/or Moscatel wine made from those grape varietals respectively. These wines are aged in the solera system and are also sold on their own as sweet wines. Another sweet wine (that I've not seen on US store shelves) is Dulce sherry, which is a sweet wine made from any of or a combination of PX, Moscatel, and the Palomino grapes. 

    Oloroso, Amontillado, and Palo Cortado sherries are either dry (without a sweetness label) or labelled as Dry, Medium, or Cream.

    Fino and Manzanilla sherries, when sweetened, are often sweetened with rectified wine musts instead of PX/Moscatel (because those wines are dark and would alter the color of the wine). These are called "Pale Cream" sherries. 

     

    SherrySweetnessLevels

    Thanks to Sandeman sherry for providing this information.

    When Fino and Manzanilla sherries are aged a long time (this is not easy to do, and more often the case with Manzanilla), they can be labelled as "Pasada," as in Manzanilla Pasada. 

     

    The other sherries can have average age statements (the solera aging and blending system makes exact age statements impossible). The only approved average ages allowed to be put on bottles are for 12, 15, 20 (VOS), and 30 (VORS) years of age. 

    Anada sherries, which are hard to find outside of Spain, are vintage-dated wines not aged in the solera sytem. 

    Finally, many/most Fino and Manzanilla sherries are filtered through carbon to make them light in color, though this will affect the flavor also. "En Rama" sherries are unfiltered (except to get rid of the flor). 

    So, putting it all together, I came up with this chart:

    TypesOfSherry
    I hope all that makes sense.

    For more information on sherry, check out all posts about sherry here on Alcademics, and Sherry.org has some great information as well. 

     

  • Bottled Waters Most Resembling Waters of Scotland

    In this post we'll look at commercial brands of bottled water that resemble water from the Speyside, Highlands, and Islay regions of Scotland. 

    We saw before that different waters bring out different properties in scotch whisky.

    We can then look at properties of bottled water from Scotland. Thanks to UisgeSource, we can look at the properties of Highland, Speyside, and Islay water that they collected. See this post for more details.

    But as this water isn't available everywhere yet, we can look at their water analysis and try to find other bottled water that is somewhat close in pH level and mineral content.

    For reference on mineral waters, I used the book Fine Waters, which I wrote about here and here and here. The mineral content for all mineral waters is available online, so you can look up other brands to see if they match Scottish waters. Fine Waters is a few years old, so it is possible the numbers have changed on some waters.

    Also note that the UisgeSource numbers are approximate based on information on their website and tests I conducted at home. 

    The closest bottled waters to UisgeSource water are bolded. Note that I've never heard of any of those Islay-style water brands. 

    Speyside Water Approximation
    Highland Water Approximation
    Islay water approximation

    Update: If you want to help look for other bottled waters most resembling Islay waters, check out this ordered list by pH on MineralWaters.org and see if any waters that you have heard of are a good match for pH and TDS. And let me know!

    So, should you want to try diluting whisky with different regional-style bottled waters, this should give you some starting points on how to do so.

    The above images were taken from slides I presented at the Tales of the Cocktail convention in July 2013. 

    The water project imageThe Water Project on Alcademics is research into water in spirits and in cocktails, from the streams that feed distilleries to the soda water that dilutes your highball.  For all posts in the project, visit the project index page

     

     

  • (Re)Introducing Noilly Prat Extra Dry Vermouth

    Three types of Noilly Prat Marseillan France (2)_tnLast year I had the pleasure of visiting the Noilly Prat vermoutherie in Marseillan, France, where I learned about how it is made.

    Shortly after the visit, I wrote a blog post about the differences between Noilly Prat Dry (aka Original Dry), Noilly Prat Ambre, and Noilly Prat Rouge.

    It took a year, but they are finally releasing Noilly Prat Extra Dry on the US Market nationally, so now I'll explain the difference and Extra Dry and Original Dry.  

    From 1979 until 2009, the dry vermouth from Noilly Prat sold on the US market was called "French Dry Vermouth". It was different than the version sold in the rest of the world.

    In 2009 they replaced this bottling with Original Dry, which was the version of Noilly Prat sold in the rest of the world.

    Starting this summer, the former US version "French Dry Vermouth" will be called "Extra-Dry" and the Original Dry will also still be sold.  So:

    Original Dry = International Version

    Extra Dry = US Version that was sold until 2009 and is now back on the market.

    Dry versus extra dry Noilly Prat Marseillan France3_tn

    There are four production differences between Original Dry and Extra-Dry. In order to best understand them, it might be helpful to read about how Noilly Prat is made in general. Then read the below. 

    Differences between Noilly Prat Original Dry and Extra-Dry

    • Extra-Dry uses only clairette wine while Original Dry uses a combintation of clairette and picpoul. This is because clairette oxidizes less. 
    • Extra-Dry uses less of the sweet mistelle wine, so it is, in fact, drier.
    • Both Original Dry and Extra-Dry use the same 20 herbs and spices, but in different ratios. 
    • The wine for both Original Dry and Extra Dry is aged outdoors for one year, but after infusing that wine with herbs and spices, the Original Dry is aged an additional 6 weeks to 3 months. Extra Dry is bottled without this extra aging step. 

    Extra Dry tastes fruitier than the dry, and less woody. It is also clear as opposed to lightly yellow, and clearly intended for use as a mixer in Martinis and other cocktails. Original Dry can be mixed into cocktails or consumed on its own as an aperitif. 

    Hopefully soon both Original and Extra Dry will on store shelves again so you can compare the two side-by-side.

    Noilly Prat Rouge is still on the market, and Noilly Prat Ambre will soon be available in major US cities.

    Below are a few pictures from my visit.

     

     

    • Logo Noilly Prat Marseillan France_tn
    • Camper at Noilly Prat Marseillan France2_tn
    • Vineyard Noilly Prat Marseillan France4_tn
    • Mistelle room Noilly Prat Marseillan France_tn
    • Still Noilly Prat Marseillan France_tn
    • LEnclose barrels Noilly Prat Marseillan France8_tn
    • La Salle Des Secrets Noilly Prat Marseillan France (2)_tn
    • Herbs used in Noilly Prat Marseillan France_tn
    Herbs used in Noilly Prat Marseillan France_tn

     

     

     

  • How Column Distillation Works: Pot-Column Still Edition

    At the Tales of the Cocktail convention this year, I moderated a panel with three distillers who run column stills; one 5-column rum still, one continuous bourbon still, and one pot-column hybrid. 


    Deaths_door_spirits_logo 400x200John Jeffrey is the Head Distiller for Death's Door Spirits. He makes vodka, rum, and white whiskey and will be releasing aged whiskey in the future. The below information is what I learned from John and on my visits to other distilleries. 

    They run what I've been calling a pot-column hybrid still, though I'm sure there must be a better name for it. There is a pot on the bottom and then it is attached to one or several columns depending on how they configure it. 

    DSC_5983

    Part of the reason I proposed the seminar for Tales is that I would see these types of stills (usually in start-up or small distilleries) and dismiss them as being column stills in another form; or working just like other column stills. 

    However, these stills, unlike those for bourbon and rum/vodka, are not continuous stills but rather batch stills. You make a batch, then start over with a new batch; as opposed to the other stills that can run 24/7 without stopping. 

    In some of these stills, solids and liquids (beer with grains, fermented fruit chunks, etc) are put into the pot on the bottom. The pot separates out the solids from the liquids, as well as separates out water from alcohol. The mostly-alcohol vapors then go up through the column for rectification. 

    Stripping Column

    At Death's Door, they don't put solids in the pot still though. They employ a separate 'stripping column', which is basically a bourbon column that separates the solids from the liquids as well as concentrates the alcohol a bit. (The column is mostly stainless steel, but as we talked about in the bourbon column post, the copper is important to have in the top of the column – you can see in the picture that the top of the stripping column is copper.)

     

    DSC_5991

    Stripping column at Death's Door Spirits. Note copper at top of column.

    Making Whiskey, Vodka, and Gin on One Still

    This liquid alcohol then goes into the pot and is distilled. It is run through different columns depending on what product they're making. For whiskey, they don't run the alcohol over a ton of plates in several columns to remove all the flavor. However, they want to increase the amount of time the liquid spends in contact with copper in the column, so they run the vapor through one or more columns with no plates inside. 

     

    DSC_5983

    Death's Door Spirits Stills

    Jeffrey said that for aged whiskey, they wouldn't do this, as many of the congeners break down over time in the barrel. But as they make unaged white whiskey, they want to get rid of more of those congeners right from the start. 

    For gin, they do not put botanicals into the pot still, but instead pack them into a different column (circled in pink below). The alcohol alone passes through the pot and column on top of it, then the refined vapors pass through the botanical column. 

     

    Death door still labeled

    Gin botanical column circled in pink. Stripping column circled in blue.

     

    In order to make vodka, they want a high-proof, clean spirit. Thus they refine the alcohol through several of the columns with lots of plates in them – over 40 plates in all. The two columns on the right are used for their vodka.   

    So that's what I think I know about this type of still. If you have any questions, let me know and I'll try to get them answered. 

     

  • How Column Distillation Works: Multi-Column Rum and Vodka Edition

    DonQLogoPositiveAt the Tales of the Cocktail convention this year, I moderated a panel with three distillers who run column stills; one 5-column rum still, one continuous bourbon still, and one pot-column hybrid. 

    Liza Cordero is the Process Director for DonQ rum, made at the Serralles distillery in Puerto Rico. She runs a pretty gigantic 5-column still. It makes DonQ rum and also custom products for other brands. The information below is from the seminar as well as what I've learned in my distillery visits around the world. 

     

    DonQstillssmaller

    The stills that make DonQ Rum

     

    In my last post, we discussed how bourbon is made in a single column. The single bourbon column specializes in being continuous (as opposed to a batch-run pot still) and separating the alcohol from the water and from the solids in the low-alcohol beer that is put into it. 

    In a 5+ column still, this is also what is happening, but just in the first column or two. (It seems that columns can be split or divided in two according to purpose, or in some cases just to keep the height down so that airplanes don't hit them.) The center  columns are for refinement of the spirit. The final column is for recycling of waste alcohols. 

     I can't claim to fully understand what is happening in each of the three middle columns exactly (yet!) but between the seminar, a detailed description of Grey Goose, and two Absolut vodka distillery visits it seems that the columns do five different things:

    • The first columns separate solids from liquids, and the alcohol from water. The alcohol can be partially refined in this column above the level at which the beer enters the still (as mentioned in the previous post).
    • In one (or more) columns they dilute the newly-distilled spirit with water and redistil it, and remove certain components. This is hydro-selection.
    • In another one (or two) rectification columns they take out other components – "high and low oils". At Grey Goose, this is split into two columns; one that uses pressure to separate components and another than uses a vacuum. 
    • One column removes methanol from the final spirit. 
    • Sometimes a final column captures waste alcohols pulled from other columns and processes them into a recyclable form. 

    So that's what I think I know about multi-column distillation for high-proof products like rum and vodka. If you have any questions, let me know and I'll try to get them answered. 

     

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